Anti-Ageing Skin Care – More Than Just Vitamin A

Recently on ABC TV the program Catalyst featured a dermatologist that claimed retinoic acid (vitamin A derivative) was the only effective anti-ageing skin care treatment. This is in contrast with the constant bombardment of anti-ageing skin care advertising we face every time we open a women’s magazine or switch on the TV. Do a quick internet search and you will find literally hundreds of topical treatments on the market that claim to reduce wrinkles, lift skin and help us to look 5 years younger in 5 days. Is there any evidence to back up these claims or is it all marketing hype? Or are we just taking a too narrow look at the idea of ageing skin and should we actually take a more holistic look at skin care and ageing in general?

This article will look at ingredients that have shown to be of benefit both clinical and in trials for skin anti-ageing. It is however important to keep in mind that topical anti-ageing ingredients are only one aspect of skin care. Hydration, nourishment, minimising free radical production and inflammation and sun protection also come into play when taking a more holistic view of skin ageing. As indeed does the idea of ageing gracefully.

When researching anti-ageing skin ingredients it becomes quickly clear that there isn’t a lot of evidence available. Consequently there are only a small number of topical ingredients that have been shown to clinically improve signs of skin ageing and wrinkles. One thing we can be sure of is that most of the skin care creams that claims to have “miracle” effects don’t have the research to back them up. So let’s look at the ingredients that have been researched.

Retinoic Acid

While often called vitamin A, retinoic acid while related is actually a distinct substance. The effects of retinoic acid on the process of skin ageing have been well documented and include increase synthesis of collagen, reducing fine wrinkles, improve skin texture and increase skin thickness. The downside with retinoic acid is the common side effects such as irritation, dryness and sun sensitivity. The other important thing to note is that retinoic acid is only available by prescription.

Over the counter products generally use retinoids. Retinoids have shown anti-ageing benefits, however higher concentrations are generally needed and the hight the concentration the high the risk of side effects similar to retinoic acid. Low dose retinoids may or may not have anti-ageing effects on the skin. The effects depend on an individual’s skin cell responsiveness to retinoids. Vitamin A is a precursor to retinoids however it requires conversion before it can be active. So again, it may or may not have specific anti-ageing effects.

Alpha Lipoic Acid

As an antioxidant, Alpha Lipoic Acid (ALA) is both water and fat soluble, which means it is able to reach and protect both water and lipid portions of skin. This is particularly relevant to our skin as fats play a vital role in maintaining healthy skin. One of the roles ALA plays in the health of the skin is to inhibit cross-linking which is the formation of chemical bridges between proteins or other large molecules. Cross-linking contributes to the ageing process by causing hardening of arteries, stiffening of the joints and wrinkling of the skin.

Topically ALA acts as a skin antioxidant, penetrating skin cell membranes, where it neutralizes free radicals and increases the effectiveness of other antioxidants such as vitamins C and E. By reducing free radical damage it potentially slows the effects of ageing. In studies ALA has shown strong potential as an anti-wrinkle agent. In one small-scale study, high potency lipoic acid reduced mild-to-moderate wrinkles by up to 50 percent, whereas fine lines almost disappeared. In another study, lipoic acid significantly improved the appearance of certain types of scars. From a clinical perspective, ALA has received a lot of hype. Its role as an anti-ageing nutrient is largely due to its free-radical quenching effects which is an attribute shared by a number of other ingredients including CoQ10, green tea and vitamin C.

CoEnzyme Q 10

CoQ10 is naturally found in all cells of the body. It has dual functions acting as a potent antioxidant as well as increasing cellular energy production (specifically mitochondrial activity). As we age, the levels of CoQ10 reduce, particularly in our skin which leads to less skin cell energy production. The net result is a reduction in our skin’s ability to produce skin molecules such as collagen and elastin. In addition, skin cells low in antioxidants such as CoQ10, have reduced ability to stop free radical production. Specifically the topical application of CoQ10 restores mitochondrial activity which increases cellular energy production thereby improving the cells ability to produce new collagen. It also increases the ability of the cell to minimise damage from free radical production.

Vitamin C

Vitamin C is one ingredient that has well researched topical anti-ageing benefits. As mentioned above it is an important skin antioxidant. It is also essential for the synthesis of collagen. The downside of this ingredient in skin care is that it is very unstable and easily oxidises rendering it ineffective. The second consideration is that it is required in quite high concentrations (10% of more) to be effective. Look for fat soluble forms that are the only forms absorbed by the skin effectively such as ascorbyl palmitate and magnesium ascorbyl phosphate.

Green Tea

Not only good to drink, green tea has also shown promise for skin care. Studies using green tea have concentrated on its ability to reduce sun damage (a key factor in skin ageing). It works by reducing free radicals and inflammation that result from exposure to UV rays. Apart from free radical damage, inflammation is a potential driver of premature skin ageing. One study also showed significant improvement in elasticity of skin tissue after applying a 10% concentration of green tea daily for 8 weeks. Another small study showed benefit for papulopustular rosacea using a polyphenone rich green tea extract.

In this author’s opinion, topical active ingredients aren’t the be all and end all of skin care or even anti-ageing treatments. A holistic perspective towards skin care will see healthier skin condition and minimise ageing. However, as part of a holistic plan, topical anti-ageing ingredients can be of significant benefit. If you want to work on a specific skin issue choose ingredients that have been researched or that have had good clinical results. Be discerning about marketing claims and “miracles” in a jar. Lastly, if you do want to try a product, give it 3 months. Any less and you may not be giving the product a reasonable chance to work. However, if you don’t see results in that time period it is likely that it isn’t helping.

References available upon request.

Anti-Ageing Skin Care – More Than Just Vitamin A

For more information about natural & organic skin care products contact Ananda Mahony ND at http://www.vitalenatural.com.au or at info@vitalenatural.com.au

As a naturopath Ananda has been involved in the natural skin care industry for many years. She specialises in the treatment of skin disorders such as acne, eczema, rosacea and dermatitis as well as anti-aging.

Please include this credit if you use this article.

Black Skin Care – How to Even Out Black Skin Tone

Lots of people with black skin suffer from the uneven tones which can differ on their face and their whole body. Several products have been created in order to help even out skin tone including foundation for black skin which helps to restore the balance and make the skin look completely consistent.  

Reason For Uneven Skin Tones In Black People

One reason for uneven skin tones is due to acne scars. If you get acne and then pick at it the skin wants to repair itself so melanin, the name for the pigment that gives skin its color, rushes to the infected area and as it heals, the skin gets darker. Over time the tone may fade, but the scar usually remains darker than the rest of the skin and can sometimes look unsightly. Women are lucky that they are able to buy foundation and concealer to cover the scars and even out the skin tone on a temporary basis. Men are usually left to get used having these scars for the rest of their lives. 

Products To Even Out Skin Tone

Many companies have invested a lot of money into creating black skin care products which aim to help reduce the look of the unsightly scars. However you have to really do your homework to ensure that the product you decide to buy doesn’t contain chemicals that could do permanent damage to your skin.  

Many skin lightening products containing bleaching agents and steroids have been found to damage the skin permanently so always make sure you read the label of all products carefully. 

So when choosing a skin care product to help even out your skin tone, it is always a good idea to buy small tester pots and try the creams on parts of the skin that are not always exposed. That way you can decide if that particular product is the right one for you. 

Black Skin Care – How to Even Out Black Skin Tone

Find out more about black skin care and foundation for black skin.

DermStore – Your One Stop Shop For You Skin Care and Cosmetics Needs

DermStore.com is an online website that sells thousands of skin care and cosmetic products. DermStore was created in 1999 by Dr. Craig Kraffert, a dermatologist. Since that time, DermStore has grown into a leading source of products, carrying the most popular and well-known brands throughout the world.

DermStore has processed and filled over 800,000 product orders and boasts high customer satisfaction. Among the award-winning brands sold via DermStore are Pevonia, MD Forte, Kinerase, Glytone, Decleor, Dermalogica, and Jan Marini, to name a few.

DermStore offers quite an extensive selection of skin care products. Whatever skin care product you are looking for, DermStore has it. Whatever skin problem you may be suffering from, DermStore carries it. DermStore offers a wide variety of sunscreens in the various SPF levels, for both adults and children.

They also have many different types of moisturizers for all types of skin, from extra dry skin, to combination skin, to very oily skin. DermStore also carries a wide array acne treatment care products. If you suffer from a skin condition, such as eczema or rosacea, you can find a product to treat it on DermStore.com.

DermStore also carries all sorts of anti-aging products. In addition, DermStore carries sunless tanning products if you want to look like you’ve been to the beach. They also carry hair care products, as well as products to treat hair loss.

You can even buy your fragrances through DermStore. You can also find body firming lotions to treat that nasty cellulite. And don’t forget if you simply want to purchase some makeup or applicators, DermStore has those too. DermStore also offers a wide selection of baby products. DermStore is truly your one stop shop for all of your skin care and cosmetic needs.

DermStore – Your One Stop Shop For You Skin Care and Cosmetics Needs

Find out more about Health and Beauty or read a DermStore Review.

Winter Facial Skin Care Tips

Winter is here and the frost is not only nipping at your nose but the whole face. Fortunately, with a facial skin care routine that meets your exact skin care needs you can be on your way to healthy, radiant skin tone.

YOUR SKIN IS DRY OR SENSITIVE IF IT:

o Stings or burns when skin-care products are used

o Is easily irritated

o Sometimes appears red and inflamed

o Feels itchy, dry, rough and flaky

Facial skin care for dry skin:

Regular bath soaps clean well but are powerfully alkaline and irritating for both dry and sensitive skin. Clear soaps containing glycerin and alcohol may also be too drying. So, as an alternative of soap, dermatologists suggest a soap-free, sensitive skin cleansers. If your skin is very dry or sensitive, you may need to alternate a washable lotion with a sensitive-skin bar. After cleansing dry skin, apply a moisturizer that is light, hypoallergenic, preservative-free, all-purpose and water based. For extremely dry skin, moisturize with petroleum jelly or an oil-based lotion with 20 percent urea. After cleansing sensitive skin, apply a light, hypoallergenic, fragrance-free moisturizer, like Eucerin. To check your tolerance of the product, dab the moisturizer behind your ears for the first few days.

YOUR SKIN IS NORMAL IF IT:

o Is usually smooth and supple

o Is generally clear/blemish-free

o Appears neither dry nor oily

Facial skin care for normal skin:

You’re one of those lucky people whose face can take some abuse and still bounce back, looking fresher than ever. Almost any cleanser (from regular bath soap to sensitive-skin bars) will work for you. If you need a moisturizer — some people with normal skin don’t! — choose a light, hypoallergenic, preservative free, all-purpose, water-based moisturizer after washing.

YOUR SKIN IS OILY IF IT:

o Has enlarged pores or blackheads

o Appears shiny and feels greasy

Facial skin care for oily skin:

Regular bath soap, morning and night, is fine for cleansing — your skin actually benefits from the drying effect of strongly alkaline bath soaps. If necessary, use an astringent pad at midday. Because your skin is naturally oily, you may not need

a moisturizer. But if you do, choose one that’s noncomedogenic (won’t cause acne) and either oil-free or water-based –Neutrogena or Aveeno, for example.

YOUR SKIN IS COMBINATION IF IT:

o Is oily on your forehead, nose or chin

o Is dry on your cheeks and around your eyes

Facial skin care for combination skin:

Dermatologists recommend one of two cleansing routines for women with combination skin. You can wash with a gentle facial cleanser in the morning and use an alcohol-free astringent on oily areas later in the day. Or wash with a soap-free cleanser on dry areas and with regular bath soap on oily areas. Treat dry patches as dry skin, then apply a water-based or oil-free noncomedogenic moisturizer to your entire face.

Skin care tips for every type of skin:

No matter how oily, dry or sensitive your skin, always clean gently. Use warm (not hot) water and your fingertips (not a wash cloth). Rinse well. Then use a towel to pat (not rub) your face dry. Wash your face no more than once or twice a day. After patting skin dry, apply moisturizer to skin while it’s still damp to ensure that it is absorbed. Unless your moisturizer provides protection from damaging sun rays, consider applying a light sunscreen as well.

Winter Facial Skin Care Tips

For further facial skin care tips, articles and information on acne and rosacea treatment, please, visit Facial Skin Care Guide and Skin Care Tips [http://www.e-facial-skin-care.com/tips/] Blog.

Rosacea – Understanding the Disease

Are you becoming concerned about that persistent reddening on your face? Are you beginning to notice unusual pimple outbreaks and thin red lines on your face, too? If you do, chances are you are experiencing a skin condition commonly referred to as rosacea.

What is Rosacea? Rosacea is one of the most common inflammatory conditions of the skin of the face. Once it afflicts you, your face will take on a characteristic redness that looks like a permanent flush or blush. Soon after, pimples and thin red lines will likewise develop. This condition is sometimes referred to as acne rosacea but this can be terribly misleading since acne and rosacea are two different conditions.

Rosacea affects both the males and the females and usually begins after the age 30. The condition is aggravated by several lifestyle and environmental factors such as eating hot, spicy foods, drinking alcohol and/or caffeine, exposure to the sun, rain, or wind, temperature changes and stress. Some medications such as ACE inhibitors are also linked with the development of the disease.

However, it is important to remember that the triggers do not affect all people in the same way. What affects some may not affect the others. So, to identify what factors are actually causing your symptoms to appear, you may need to keep a diary for a few weeks. Jot down everything you have eaten or drank during the day, your emotional state and the weather. This will help you identify what factors trigger your rosacea flare-ups the most.

What Are the Symptoms of Rosacea?

o Erythema, or flushing of the face or neck – This happens when the blood vessels on the face and the neck expand to accommodate the increased volume of blood flow. The redness will disappear during the initial stages but will eventually become permanent as the disease progresses.

o Telangiectasia, or the formations of red lines on the face – The red lines you see on your face are actually the enlarged blood vessels underneath the skin. Unfortunately, they become more prominent as the redness fades.

o Formation of papules or the pimples – The pimples of rosacea are commonly characterized as small lumpy red pimples. Some of these pimples may contain pus and may appear as small white bumps. In rosacea, no whiteheads or blackheads are present.

o Burning or itching of the skin

o Edema or swelling of the face

o Rhinophyma or the enlargement of the nose – This condition usually accompanies rosacea and is most common among older men.

o Ocular rosacea – Most people afflicted with rosacea also develop mild to severe eye-related problems. Inflamed, dry and crusty eyelids and conjunctivitis characterize ocular rosacea. If left untreated, ocular rosacea can give rise to more serious problems, which includes irisitis or the painful inflammation of the iris and keratitis or the ulceration of the cornea.

What Causes Rosacea? Nobody knows for sure. For all we know, there may be a number of factors that lead to this condition. However, it was observed that some people are more prone to developing the disease and that it seems to run in the family.

So, what do you need to do once you suspect that you are afflicted with rosacea?

First, go see your doctor. He or she is in the best position to make the correct diagnosis and give you the most appropriate treatment. Do not take this matter lightly. Early diagnosis and treatment are necessary to ward off other problems associated with the disease.

Second, make the necessary lifestyle changes. Avoid the triggers as much as you can.

Third, protect your skin. Use moisturizers to soothe your skin when it feels dry or sore. Don’t forget to put on your sunblock and use a scarf to protect your face when it is cold or windy outside. Do not use skin care products that contain harsh ingredients and do not rub or scrub your face!

And lastly, keep your cool. Stress aggravates rosacea and may lead to a nasty flare up. So, if you are feeling stressed out, take a time out to cool down. You can use slow, deep breathing techniques to keep your emotions under control.

Rosacea – Understanding the Disease

Michael Russell

Your Independent guide to Rosacea [http://rosacea-guided.com/]

Rosacea Triggers – Find Out If Any of These 7 Causes Are Triggering Your Rosacea Outbreaks

Rosacea is one of those skin conditions that effects each individual differently and the treatment can be exclusive. However, there is a common thread for all Rosacea sufferers, what causes the outbreaks is usually from a few select causes. Of course, before you diagnose what causes your Rosacea it is always best to see a dermatologist first. If you can identify what causes your outbreaks, usually some lifestyle changes or changes in your diet can reduce the problem or eliminate it altogether.

Here Are The 7 Most Common Rosacea Triggers:

- Exposure to extremes in weather, very hot, cold or windy weather can irritate your skin and cause an outbreak.

- As with many conditions, the body reacts adversely to stress and instances of extreme anxiety. While this has not been proven exactly in the realm of Rosacea, it certainly should not be discounted as a cause for an outbreak.

- Prolonged use of alcohol can bring that flushed reddish look and it you are susceptible to Rosacea then an outbreak can occur.

- Although extreme exercise, which is great for your overall health when done for extended periods, it can trigger Rosacea. As with all intense exercise, take jogging for example, your perspiration can actually become an irritant to your skin.

- Really spicy foods can cause outbreaks as they dilate the blood vessels. Also, you should try to avoid caffeine found in coffee, soda and chocolate.

- Extreme changes to temperate are known causes and even hot baths or saunas should be avoided.

- Makeup, perfume and skin care products are all common culprits. Even if you do not have allergies per say, these products can contain irritants which can cause havoc with Rosacea.

Many of the solutions to these causes are self explanatory and if you are going to try and eliminate and identify what triggers your Rosacea try a diary type system which you can refer to. If you cannot eliminate or reduce the outbreaks while avoiding these triggers then you might try some of the natural Rosacea treatment options that are available or ask your dermatologist what he recommends.

Rosacea Triggers – Find Out If Any of These 7 Causes Are Triggering Your Rosacea Outbreaks

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Rosacea? Try Proactive Daily Help With Handmade Soap

Rosacea is a chronic skin problem that is little understood, but which may be more common than you think, and using handmade soap daily could help reduce outbreaks and flushing. Millions of people in Europe and America suffer from this skin condition, and although scientists have no cure, there are ways to minimize the persistence of milder forms.

Rosacea sensitises skin and some forms reveal noticeable red lines such as Telangiectasia which become enlarged and appear swollen when flushing begins. Essentially there is no known remedy but topical treatment daily using handmade soap can help maintain skin control.

The first steps to regaining control is to know what triggers outbreaks. Apart from stress, cold weather, alcohol, hot drinks and spicy food, rough facial cleansing with products that aggravate the condition has been identified as a significant factor.

As Rosacea affects mainly women, dermatologists believe the cleansing of more delicate female skin is an important way to begin treatment of visible blood vessels and flushing. Choosing a chemical free or non reactive cleanser is essential.

Handmade soap which uses traditional saponification and powerful essential oils not found in synthetic high street soaps is ideal. Essential oils of Chamomile, Jojoba, Lavender, and Rose are gentle, nurturing essences excellent for any sensitive or allergic skin but especially Rosacea. For preference, find a handmade soap with Rose as it is especially soothing for flushed tender skin and known to help rebuild capillary walls which could benefit skin by reducing outbreaks.

How you cleanse is equally important as your cleanser choice. If possible, lather the Handmade soap and apply using your hands rather than a face cloth which may cleanse more thoroughly, but will feel rough and have an unwanted exfoliating effect. Pat the lather on gently and with as little pressure as possible then rinse with warm water, never hot.

Again pat gently dry with a towel, don’t rub as it will have a stinging, abrasive effect.

Overcoming Rosacea is a challenge. Doctors believe a holistic approach should include regular exercise, such as swimming to help oxygen circulation, and minimizing skin irritation with gentler cleansing, which makes handmade soap the natural choice for Rosacea.

Rosacea? Try Proactive Daily Help With Handmade Soap

Kay Forrester
Information about Handmade Soap online in the UK.

Natural Rosacea Products & Rosacea Medications : The Common Thread

Natural Rosacea Products – The Solution to Calm Skin? Many Say Yes

If you are one of the thousands of men and women suffering from the skin discorder rosacea or acne rosacea, you may already be familiar with the standard dermatologist-prescribed courses of action and medications.

What many people don’t know, is there are actually non-prescription, natural rosacea products that are just as effective, if not more effective, than prescription rosacea medications and topical rosacea gels and ointments.

First, let’s look at the common ingredients in pharmaceutical rosacea medications. Two popular topical prescription drugs for rosacea are Metronidazole and Azelic Acid.

As an oral medication for rosacea, physicians may utilize a variety of medications, mostly antibiotic in nature, to help control rosace by controlling severe facial flushing and swelling. Sometimes in severe cases, even cardiovascular medications are used to help control the facial flushing.

Because of the higher risk of negative reactions associated with the long term use of oral antibiotics, topical therapy is usually the preferred long term treatment method. There is also the danger of antibiotic resistence becoming a problem for people who are treated long term with anitbiotics.

Topically applied rosacea medications, especially those of a natural origin, are becoming more and more popular, since there is no risk of them becoming ineffective over a period of time, as there may be with man-made topical rosacea solutions.

In addition to topical rosacea gels, creams, and sprays, a complete skincare regimen including face wash and moisturizer should also be employed as a preventive measure for rosacea.

People with rosacea have skin that requires intense and very specific care, every day, from cleanser to makeup. It is important that anything that comes into contact with the face does not have any skin-aggravating properties, but rather possesses skin-calming and anti-redness peoperties. There are natural rosacea skincare systems that will do just that, and before you know it, you will be “back in the clear”.

Natural Rosacea Products & Rosacea Medications : The Common Thread

Visit Natural Rosacea Treatments for more information on an effective line of natural rosacea treatment products. Danna Schneider is the founder of Cosmetics Galore Cosmetic Product Reviews

Oily Skin? Solutions For an Oily Complexion

If you are one of the millions suffering from oily skin or oily complexion, good news is here!

Products for oily skin have come a long way in the past decade and ingredients have been shown to effectively regulate skin oil without drying-out your complexion. The result, a cleaner, clearer complexion with less oil, bacteria and inflammation.

Oily skin and complexion are primarily the result of over-active sebaceous glands found in skin pores and follicles. Sebaceous glands secrete oil that is used to keep the skin moist and prevent dryness. Oil helps lubricate and protect facial skin helping maintain softness and suppleness.

Over-active sebaceous glands produce too much oil – an obvious statement, but this can and does leading to many skin problems. First, oily skin can be unsightly and embarrassing. Oily skin aggravates enlarged pores while giving a greasy, unhealthy appearance to your skin and face

Exxcess skin oil can clog pores, trap bacteria and lead to infection, inflammation or even rosacea and acne. Dirt, old skin cells, and bacteria can join and accumulate presenting environmental stress to the skin. Reducing oil can not only leave your skin fresh and clean, but healthy as well.

Oily skin is often hereditary, a circumstance of hormonal changes (as in teenagers or pregnancy) or increased heat and humidity. Common on the face where acne and rosacea breakouts are most prominent, oily skin can be occur anywhere on the body. However, the concentration of skin pores on the forehead and nose is where the highest occurrence of oily skin is found.

Oily skin products usually are found in two basic formulas or solutions. First, oily skin face toners cleanse the skin with ingredients such as Alpha Hydroxy (AHA) and Zinc PCA. Applied with a cotton swab or pad, oily skin toners can wipe away oil, dirt and grime leaving skin cleansed. Toners are often used in conjunction with oily face washes or cleansers to increase effectiveness and produce enhanced results.

Similar to toners, oily face washes utilize ingredients to regulate oil and cleanse but are combined with surfactants and cleansers to wash and remove oil, dirt and bacteria. Although the mission is to regulate oil, stripping skin completely can lead to irritation and inflammation.

Many oily face washes use additional ingredients to help kill bacteria as well as soothe and moisturize the skin without promoting increased oil production.

Oily skin and complexion can be effectively controlled with skin care formulated to regulate oil and to encourage healthy skin. The result can be a clean, clear and oil-free complexion you are proud of.

Oily Skin? Solutions For an Oily Complexion

Shop skin care products at Skin Energizer. Skin care for oily complexion, acne and rosacea, skin rashes, oily skin toners, and oily face washes.

Prevention, Treatment and Complications of Rosacea

The first therapy step in caring for Rosacea symptoms is to avoid all possible triggers leading to the exacerbation of the condition. Patients must monitor their sun exposure and always wear skin care products while being exposed to the sun shines. All irritating skin care products should be avoided as well as heavy cosmetics. Rosacea patients must use products containing Simethicone and Cyclomethicone. All potential triggers of redness, skin eruptions and flushing must be avoided starting with cigarette smoking, alcohol and spicy food.

The most common used oral antibiotics for treating Rosacea and keeping it under control are Tetracycline, Doxycycline and Metronidazole. Benefic effects on the skin eruptions specific for Rosacea seems to have the topical use gel containing Metronidazole. This product is however irritant for some of the patients producing symptoms like burning and stinging. Thus, in some other cases, topically used Metronidazole seems to help reduce facial erythema and teleangiectasie. Metronidazole cannot be administered during pregnancy and must be replaced with the also benefic topical product called Clindamycin. Oral tetracycline and Metronidazole are also forbidden during the pregnancy period due to its teratogenic effects.

The topical gels, creams and lotions for Rosacea should be well spread across the entire face skin surface and not only on some more affected spots. Rosacea is a chronic condition; it cannot be cured and requires ling-term treatment to allow maintaining the symptoms under control.

In particular cases, when oral and topical antibiotics have only given partial effects, other products containing vitamin A like Accutane, Roaccutane or the topical Retinol-A can produce relieving effects. Retinoid treatment is useful in keeping pustules and papules under control but may worsen erythema and teleangiectasie. Also useful in some cases of Rosacea as second-line therapy are trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole, Methotrexate, Dapsone, Primaquine, Chloroquine and oral Prednisone.

Topical corticosteroids applied on the face can produce a similar to Rosacea syndrome with similar symptoms. Fluorinated products lead to low-potency; non-fluorinated products worsen existing Rosacea and delay the resolution of steroid-induced flare-ups.

The most frequent complications of Rosacea are emotional and social stigmas such as low self-esteem due to the hideous anesthetically appearance of facial redness, papules and pustules. The facial erythema or flushing may produce feelings of embarrassment or anxiety in social situations. Panic disorders could be triggered by Rosacea symptoms and some patients have the tendency to become reclusive. The facial disfigurement can also lead to low sexual desire and might impede the career development at least in the patient’s imagination. Due to the rhinophyma, some of the Rosacea patients may be cataloged as alcohol consumers.

Prevention, Treatment and Complications of Rosacea

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